The “Giant Knight” is one of the 1,300 species of the fungal kingdom added to the red list. If many of this species disappears, there will be a serious problem on earth.
Nearly one -third of the fungal species estimated by international security experts is at risk of extinction due to threats such as agriculture Deforestation And urban expansion. The Red List of Fungal species of the International Union (IUCN) for Nature Conservation is now climbing 1.300482 After the estimation of new species. After the animals, The fungus kingdom is the largest in the worldThere are about 2.5 million species, of which about 155,000 people have their own name.
“Fungus They are the anonymous heroes of life on earth because they are very basic Healthy environmental systemsYet they have been neglected for a long time, “said Dr. Grethel Akoiler, General Director of IUCN, after renewing the red list.” Now there is time to transform this knowledge into action and protect the extraordinary fungal kingdom, its wide underground networks They keep nature and life We know. “
The IUCN Public Red List There are now 169,420 species, of which 47,187 are threatened with extinction. The last update also reveals that incense trees are increasingly in danger.
Why is the fungus threatened?
Scientists explain that human activities They exceed the fungus soil. They have discovered that 279 species are in danger of being destroyed due to rapid growth of agricultural and urban areas. Nitrogen and ammonia flow and the pollution of the machines threaten 91 species. About it Severe threats In Europe, the traditional field is harmful to well -known organisms, ie Fibrus Tabaser (Intermediate Hygrosy), which is vulnerable.
At least 198 fungal species They are in danger of being destroyed due to deforestation, illegal fall and extraction for agriculture. The Cutting the ancient forest This is especially destructive because the fungus depends on the woven networks over time and has no time to grow again by rotational forest.
IUCN points out that it has been carved since 1975 30% The forests of the ancient bins of Finland, Sweden and Russia, which have created creatures like giant night (tricholoma colosus).
He Climatic change He is also responsible for the biggest risk of running fungi species. More than 50 fungal species are at risk of extinction due to changes in fire forms in the United States, which have severely altered forests. Research suggests that fire weather – characterized by hot and dry conditions that increase the chances of occurring – has changed significantly due to climate change.
How will the loss of fungal fungus affect?
“Although the fungus is mainly hidden in the ground and the wood, their loss affects life on the surface It depends on them“Professor Anders Dalberg, coordinator of the power of the red list of the fungus of the IUCN CSE, brackets, and the red list of experts in Buffalus.” When we lose fungi, we provide the environmental system services and the recession, the dryness of the crops and the pathogens in the crops and trees, until we save carbon in the soil. “
Most plants are associated with fungi to absorb nutrients, therefore, therefore, They can’t be without themUicn is underlined. Many of the eating can be used in the production of foods and drinks, including fermentation, creating a drug base and supporting the biometric efforts to clean contaminated sites.
“They are important to protect more The ancient forests“Professor adds Dalberg.” Forest routines They should take into account the fungi, for example leaving the dead tree and scattered trees, and helping to manage the intensity of the active forest management fire. “
The last Uicn update reveals that incense trees (posevelia) faces the higher risk of extinction. Six types of incense of the Sokotra Island (Yemen) have gone from vulnerable to dangerous, and three species have been evaluated for the first time Complex danger.
Cyclone More frequent and intense, sudden floods and landslides are somewhat criminals, damaged, and many trees start rooting.
“As Extreme climate This provoking the island and local action is necessary to ensure the future of the Sokotra incense trees, ”said Mohammed Amar, a local expert in Posewelia, said, managing the protection of these trees in Sokotra, contributing to the value of the red list.
