This year is the twenty year of the railway, which is a revolutionary and deep transformation discovery, which brought about societies and territories close, helped to create countries, raise economies and promote innovations in the world.
Andre Pires *
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In September 1825, from the first journey of the Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&R), the railway line became a global network, which became a symbol of technical discovery and the key element in industrial and social development. The opening journey from the S&R took less than three hours and represented more than the historical moment: modern passenger rail traffic and marked the onset of a new era. Five years later, the famous Manchester-Liverpool line opened, where steam is the most popular in steam engines-built by George Stephenan.
The way these achievements began to carry the people and the people, the British industrial regime, and then gradually, led to all the countries that bet on the train. With new lines connecting cities, ports and various economies, the opening shot in the construction of the rail infrastructure was awarded and an explosion was found, important to trade and global socio -economic relations.
The world has discovered a period of great actions, records, reforms and changes in the railway industry, which proves the continued ability to prolong and overcome, transform and modernize. There are more plenty of examples. Large European railway routes and various daytime and night international connections, as well as tourism, made it a business. Railway services have developed not only with more and more better infrastructure, but also with the evolution of the comfort, speed and safety of trains produced by the continued growing railway sector. The sector has become the headlight of technological evolution and the catalyst for social change.
In the 1950s and 60s of the twentieth century, diesel traction has already dominated many countries, with a reality of electrification and in 1964, in 1964, Japan became a pioneer at the high speed by opening the exploitation of Shingansan between Tokyo and Osaka. After 17 years, in France, the first line was opened by the DGV (train for large witches) between Paris and Leon. The spread of this technology was upgraded by various points of the world. These countries, along with others like Spain, Germany, Italy or China, have become the best references in this category, the latter, from 2020, with the most extensive fastest network in the world.
In 1994, the Eurotonnell was opened, which allowed the United Kingdom to connect to Europe with Europe, most recently, in 2016, 57 km from the Sawo Cotardo Base Tunnel. The largest railway tunnel in the world, which broke the rock mass of the Alps to bring South and Northern Europe. Climate change, Carbonic Neutral targets, digitalization and its own stability of the sector have further enhanced technical evolution by the proliferation and electrification of diesel drag replacement, and in recent years, drum -mowing and hydrogen have been emerged. The World Travelers from Hydrogen in 2016 is separate from the World Travele Train: The Regional Unit of the Alstome International Company.
Due to its impact on history and the impact of the world, in 1998, the UNESCO recognizes the importance of the UNESCO railway line, the tradition of mankind of the Austrian sheep line – the first railway line of the world from 1854 uninterrupted engineering activities since 1854.
But the history of iron routes lived in complex times and collapse, not only by the public policies of questioning, withdrawal and strong bet on other transport systems, but also to implement the presence of the railway line significantly. In all parts of the world, countries have taken into account the presence of a railway line, or support it as a tool of public policies, or affect the benefit of other values.
In this case, surprisingly, the United Kingdom proved to be a great example, which represents a school and theory, which spread to other countries. The arrival of Richard Beaching to the British Railway Administration in the 60th century was a document aimed at closing 8000 km of lines and 2363 stations, which were part of the British regional and rural network, which was a popular “Beaching Report”. Although it was aimed to improve the British Public Institute’s calculation, the time of the competition prompted to end the train service in various places and regions at the cost of reducing network and rail services. Most of the project was completed, a fact that deeply affected the growth of the territories, the success of the “Beaching Report” until the same common class in the 1980s. However, some lines and segments have been reopened through corporate and social pressure, from which the Scottish Regional Tax Trainfronic Waverly tax is separate, which has seen its regional trains returning in 2015 after 47 years of closure and abandonment, and is currently in debate and re -opening to the UK. One of the victims of the Reconstruction and Beaching Report of the Waverly Code, known as the Railway borders, is one of the major railway works in the United Kingdom in the last 100 years.
Nearly six decades later, the British government provided a plan to restore your railway funds to restore losses caused by the 2020 closure season, which was estimated at about 600 million euros and launched to reopen the plans of taxes and segments. In the United Kingdom, in the 1990s, it was privatized by the end of the British Railway and the train services. However, after three decades they return to the public administration by the newly created Great British Railway (GPR), which is responsible for managing rail infrastructure and rail services.
As we celebrate the railway line, we must reflect on the innovative achievements of these two centuries, which have changed the movement and the way we live, work and relates, as well as learning from the current and future of the regions that have maintained the rail progress and once worked by the train. From its normal start, in 1825, in 1825, its basic share of the current traffic, in the implementation of the objectives and economies of the industrial decoration, has been a driving force for railway progress, novelty and regional synchronization, which changes the evolution of time and strong competitions from road and air transport.
Today, the global railway industry has been integrated and the market value of 201.8 billion is run by investments mainly by Western Europe and its trend is to grow (heat, 2024). In Europe, the impact of the railway sector at the socio -economic level is referred to as the economic dimension of about 182 billion euros and the contribution to employment: one million direct jobs and 1.3 million indirect (CER, 2025).
The origin of rail transport contributed to making the world smaller through unparalleled technical invention in history, which today destroys time and reduces distances. The civilized model we know was born with industrial and transport revolution. In history, the best achievements and novelty will be recorded in the railway and their proliferation worldwide.
* Professor. The article was first published in transport and business.
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(TAXTOTORRANSLET) Trains (D) Railway (D) History
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