They will find the new form of brain learning based on the test and error method

Found that a scientific group used the brain A dual instruction To learn by testing and error method, an invention explaining how habits develop and can help set the sites of future strategies to treat conditions such as drug or reflex.

Investigation was carried out by neurological science from the Sinensbury Welllam Center of the University College LondonAnd made in mice, may also help the development of treatment Parkinson.

The learning method is’Test and error‘It has different options as long as it works and learning from errors during the process. “We have found a mechanism that we believe in habits. Once the option of a particular action is created, the system-based system can be ignored and simply believed in the default policy of what has been done in the past,” in addition, other tasks release the brain, the head of the Marcus Stephenson-Jones, the head of the SWC Committee.

Dopamine signals

Researchers found a dopamine signal in the brain, a neurotransmitter, a neurotransmitter Artificial signal Different from something known so far. It is known that dopamine signals in the brain are known to create reward prognosis, which indicates the individual if an option is better or worse than expected -it seeks pleasure for individuals.

In this new study, the authors have found that there is one thing, parallel to the reward prediction errors Dopaminerngic signal AdditionalThe process is called the prognosis error (APE), which renews the frequency of an action. These two teaching signals also offer individuals – rats in this case – two different ways to choose a choice, the most valuable or frequent option, and the study ends.

“Imagine that you are going to the nearest snack shop. You go for the first time. You can take your time to choose a snack. Depending on the something you choose, you may want or not. Default you start to select the one you want. We believe that the Dopaminerger Signal is the ABR that allows you to save this default policy, ”explains Stephenson-Jones.

In addition, this newly discovered learning system offers a very simple form Save the information The value of different options should be compared directly, which allows the brain to do many tasks. For example, once you learn to drive, you can talk to someone during the trip. When your default system is doing all repeated tasks to run the car, you can talk about what your values ​​based system should talk about and the study details.

Dopaminergic neurons

The results of the study show why it is It is difficult to abandon bad habits Why converting an action with another can be the best strategy: if an action is changed with adequate perseverance, such as chewing a nicotine gum instead of smoking, the monkey system can create a new habit and create a new habit.

“We now know that this second learning system is in the brain. We have a scientific basis to create new strategies to end bad habits. Until now, most of the research on drugs and compulsions focused on a part of the brain. Route Looking for potential therapeutic goals, ”says Stephenson Jones.

There are also potential impacts on this study ParkinsonIt is known that it causes Death of dopaminergic neurons Mitprine, related to movement, may be the cause of the monkey index. This may explain why these patients have difficulty performing regular tasks, such as walking, but can perform more flexible behaviors like ice skating.

“Suddenly, we have a theory for the contradictory movement of Parkinson. We have neurons related to the dying movement. So,, therefore,, The movement that uses the usual system is compromised, But the movement that uses its flexible values ​​in terms of values ​​is good. It provides a new space to see in the brain A new way to think about Parkinson ”, Results.