There has been a warm political debate in the center of the German capital The limits of religious freedom In the public sector. Pontestac Green Party Committee has provided Movement to abolish Berlin’s neutral law .
This project has been introduced to Berlin In a vast European debate on the cross section between secularism, religious freedom and neutrality in the workplace. Across the continent, show the absence of different legal and cultural approaches ConsensusIn particular, scarf and Islamic veil must be allowed in government agencies.
In separated EuropeNational symbols, historical experiences and political priorities deeply affect communities’s response to religious expression in public life.
First of all the common obstacles of Belgium and France More allowed posts from Sweden and SpainThe treatment of this problem on the continent is a different study. Although some countries choose neutrality, others are prioritizing to add, and many struggle to find a balance between them.
Spain: Legal Silence, Local Wisdom
There is no national law in this case in Spain, Leave the results to wisdom Schools and institutions. In 2013, the Supreme Court supported a verdict Madrid company to exempt a student That Hiab was, not a rule of sitting on a prototype.
Although Islamic groups emphasize it Spanish Constitution and 1992 Cooperation Agreement They collectively protect the right to bring religious decoration, and the Ministry of Education does not prioritize national orientation, arguing that these cases are rare and managed at the local level.
France: secular as a state theory
France uses one of the most difficult descriptions of secularism In the continent. All public sector workers should avoid conveying religious, philosophical or political beliefs, from officials to allies. This strict neutrality is not just a policyBut a pillar of the French Republic is designed to protect a sideless general sphere.
Belgium: Security and sync above the selection
Belgium is fitted with some drastic measures From Europe in hiding your face. In 2011 became the second country after France Measure for public safety reasons and social integration.
Although only a small number of women in Belgium use Nikab or Burka, European court with human rights In 2017, he confirmed the barrier, which is affiliated with the vast policies of gender equality and public order.
Portugal: Legal Neutrality, Choosed Use
Portugal does not openly prohibit religious identities, but allows public and private institutions, Use neutral clothing codesThey are used as the same. The aim is to protect employees from religious pressure while guaranteed to neutralize the concept of workplaces.
Austria: Expansion of the Purpose Purpose
Austria followed its role model, which prohibits his face from hiding his face with the 2017 law, Including Islamic veils And any element that hides facial features, Like helmets and masks. The government blamed public security and social synchronization.
Although the plan to expand the ban on women has arisen In schools, the Constitutional Court abolished part of the Act by 2020 and said that the veil was banned for girls under the age of 10.
Denmark: Total prohibition on the face hiding
Denmark Announced the total barrier to covering the face in all public places In 2018. The law that prohibits any garment that hides the face, including the burgas and nicobs, is mainly justified by the reasons for general identity and social transparency.
Netherlands: Area controls in major companies
In the Netherlands, 2019 Law Controls the use of clothing that firmly hides the face Schools, hospitals and public environments Public transportIt is considered to be a clear communication and identification. Although this is not the total ban, it reflects the growing slope in controlling religious expression in state intervals.
Italy: A law of another era
Italy is not a specific barrier of religious clothing, but An anti -law of 1975 prohibits public hiding in the face. Although it was originally related to religious clothing, this law occasionally inspired niqab and burka in some public or important situations In the point of view of safety.
AdvertisementSweden: Freedom of all, local opposition
Sweden does not ban religious clothes across the countryAnd the veil is still allowed in public life. The national attitude supports personal rightsAlthough some municipalities seek to impose specific restrictions on schools, they demand gender coordination and equality. These measures have raised the debate, but they have not yet changed the national policy.
Greece: Legal Protections with Practical Limitations
Greek law concessions Solid protection against discrimination For religious reasons in employment and public services. However, the procedure is sometimes very complicated.
In the case of 2022, Un Hospital forbidden to wear a nursing student’s handkerchief During their procedures, the head demands the rules of uniform. The guardian of the Greek people ruled that there was no politics Violated anti -anti -anti -lawsAnd it was designed in a sub -code, not religion.
Bulgaria: Prohibition with exceptions
Bulgaria introduced a national barrier to covering the face in 2016, demanding security And social synchronization. Although the law permits exceptions to health or labor reasons, it reflects the wider efforts to regulate the visible manifestations of Islamic faith. Hiab is still allowed to expose his face and Muslim women usually take him across the country.
Advertisement
